Uzbekistan makes top 10 gold producers as China, Russia lead 2025 output

Uzbekistan enters the top 10 gold producers as China and Russia dominate 2025 output

China remained the world’s biggest gold producer in 2025, producing 384.3 tonnes, which was 1.1% higher than a year earlier. Russia came in second with 345 tonnes, up 4.5%.

Australia produced 293.2 tonnes, followed by Canada with 213.3 tonnes and Peru with 208.9 tonnes. Together, the top five countries made up 37.9% of global output.

Ghana produced 187.3 tonnes, the United States 157 tonnes, Uzbekistan 125.4 tonnes, Mexico 113.5 tonnes and Indonesia 104.2 tonnes, rounding out the top ten. Kazakhstan ranked 15th with 82.4 tonnes, while Kyrgyzstan, at 23.5 tonnes, did not make the top 20.

According to the World Gold Council, global production reached 3,800 tonnes in 2025, up 2% from 3,700 tonnes in 2024. That is 13.6% higher than the 3,400 tonnes produced in 2015. The steepest drop came in 2020, when output fell 4.4%. Production has increased every year since 2021, though growth has not been above 3.5% and was under 1% in both 2023 and 2024.

The council said global demand, including over-the-counter trading, topped 5,000 tonnes for the first time in 2025.

Gold is used in jewelry and electronics, and also functions as an investment asset and a means of building state reserves. The U.S. Geological Survey estimates that jewelry makes up 40% of consumption, physical bars 24%, and purchases by central banks and other institutions 21%. Official coins and medals, as well as electrical and electronics uses, each account for 7%, while other uses represent 1%. These estimates do not include exchange-traded funds. As investment demand increases, gold use in jewelry and some other industries is declining.